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Organic Chemistry by Brown, Iverson, Anslyn, Foote | Mayya's Study Guide | Chapter 22

Chapter 22:Reactions of Benzene and Its Derivatives


Table of Contents:


  1. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

  2. Disubstitution and Polysubstitution

  3. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution


Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

During electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, a hydrogen on the benzene ring gets replaced by another group.


1. Chlorination and Bromination


Chlorination and Bromination of benzene
Chlorination and Bromination of benzene

Chlorination Mechanism

Chlorination Mechanism
Chlorination Mechanism

2. Nitration


Nitration of benzene
Nitration of benzene

Nitration Mechanism


Formation of the Nitronium Ion


Formation of the Nitronium Ion
Formation of the Nitronium Ion

Nitration of Benzene


Nitration of Benzene mechanism
Nitration of Benzene mechanism

3. Sulfonation



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