To convert grams to moles and vice versa, we must always use Molar Mass. Molar Mass can be calculated using the Periodic Table. To calculate the molar mass, we multiply each atom in the molecule by its atomic mass found in the Periodic Table and multiply by the number of atoms. For example, to calculate the molar mass of CO2 C= 1*12.011 = 12.011 O= 2*15.999 = 31.998 12.011 + 31.998 = 44.009 g/mol To convert grams to moles, we need to cancel the units of grams and get the unit

Lactic acid has one acidic hydrogen. A 0.1 M solution of lactic acid has a pH of 2.44. Calculate Ka for lactic acid? When we do acid/base questions, we always need to ask ourselves 2 questions. Question1 Do we have an acid or a base? In this case the question itself, told us that we are dealing with an acid. Question 2 Is this a weak or a strong acid? Strong acids are: HCl - hydrochloric acid HNO3 - nitric acid H2SO4 - sulfuric acid (HSO4- is a weak acid) HBr - hydrobromic ac

Will precipitation occur when the following solutions are mixed? If so, write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (a) Na2CO3 and AgNO3, (b) NaNO3 and NiSO4, (c) FeSO4 and Pb(NO3) 2 In order for precipitation occur, we must first write out the products of each reaction. These are double replacement reactions, where we can use the following formula: AB+CD --> AD + CB to predict the products. We also need to remember to write the correct product formulas by figuring o

How To Name Acids An acid is a substance that releases H+ ions (hydrogen ions) when it is dissolved in water. Acids can be divided into 2 categories: binary acids and oxyacids. Binary Acid - consists of H + nonmetal Examples of binary acids are HCl, H2S, HBr Naming a binary acid - HYDRO _____ IC ACID HCl - hydrochloric acid H2S - hydrosulfuric acid Oxoacid - consists of H + Polyatomic ion containing O Examples of oxoacids are H2SO4, HNO3 Naming an oxoacid: The name of an oxoa

How to identify a weak acid? A weak acid is an acid that does not dissociate completely. If we are given a Ka for an acid that is small, the acid must be weak. For strong acids, Kat are not even usually given, unless the professor is trying to trick you. There are three definitions of acids: Arrhenius acid- Hydrogen ion producer when in water. Bronsted Lowry acid - proton (H+) donor Lewis acid - electron pair acceptor. In order to identify a weak acid, students must first mem

What does it mean for a reaction to be spontaneous? It means that the reaction will occur on its own, without any outside energy input needed. It does not mean that this will happen fast. In fact, it could take hundreds of years for a spontaneous reaction to occur. The way to predict spontaneity is by calculation Gibbs Free Energy or deltaG. When deltaG is negative that means the reaction is spontaneous, and positive means nonsponatenous. Let's note that when a reaction is sp

Many students in their general chemistry classes learn about coordination complexes. Coordination complexes are created when transition metal ions bind to molecules and ions called ligands. . Examples of ligands are: H2O, CN-, NH3, en. Transition metals have many unique characteristics due to their partially filled d orbitals. These characteristics are: 1. Transition metals often have more than one stable oxidation state. 2. Many transition-metal compounds are colored 3. Tra

First we must write the formula for density. Density = mass/volume Now, let's figure out if we have all of the components for our equati