Organic Chemistry | Page 3 of 10

How To Assign Formal Charges

Formal charge is a charge of an atom in a molecule. Mayya's Trick Formal Charge = number of valence electrons - (number of bonds +...

How To Recognize Constitutional (Structural) Isomers And How To Draw Alkane Constitutional Isomers

Constitutional Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula (same number of atoms of each element) but different structure...

How To Draw The Most Stable Chair Conformation

Chair is the most stable three dimensional conformation that a cyclohexane can take. In the chair conformation, the bond angle for the...

How To Predict Structures Of Molecules Using HNMR Graph

HNMR stands for Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Spectroscopy and is a laboratory technique that allows us to predict the structure of a...

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Complete Reactions Guide

There are five major groups of carboxylic acid derivatives. They are: acid chloride, anhydride, ester, amide and nitrile. Carboxylic acid...

Synthesis And Reactions Of Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are compounds with the functional group COOH. Carboxylic acids are polar, and have much higher boiling point than...

Aromaticity: How To Tell If A Molecule Is Aromatic, Nonaromatic Or Antiaromatic

Aromatic compounds have been discovered in the 19th century. They were unusually stable and had pleasant odors, hence the term aromatic....

Synthesis and Reactions of Epoxides: The Complete Guide

SYNTHESIS OF EPOXIDES Peroxyacid Epoxidation In this reaction an alkene is converted into an epoxide with the use of peroxyacid reagent,...

Cleavage of Ethers by HBr and HI

Ethers can be cleaved (broken down) by HBr and HI reagents to give alkyl bromides and alkyl iodides. In the first step of the mechanism...

Synthesis Of Ethers: Williamson Ether Synthesis And Alcoxymercuration

Ethers are compounds with the formula R-O-R. An ether can be easily recognized by spotting an oxygen in between two carbons. Let's go...

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